一. 26個(gè)字母的書寫
二. 5個(gè)元音字母的書寫
三. 48個(gè)音標(biāo)的認(rèn)讀
四. 有關(guān)的詞匯
人稱（I，you...）、動(dòng)物、交通工具、顏色、家庭成員、日常用品、身體部位、數(shù)詞、衣服鞋襪、國名、形容詞（描述外形特征的詞）、動(dòng)詞（表示行為動(dòng)作的詞）、方位介詞（前后上下......）主食（飯，面包，面條，蛋糕...）、水果、飲料、疑問詞（wh-開頭的詞語）......
五. 話題
關(guān)于姓名的對(duì)話、詢問年齡、關(guān)于顏色、關(guān)于愛好、關(guān)于擁有（×××有......）、關(guān)于問好、打招呼、關(guān)于選擇、指向（如：這是......？）、問數(shù)量、問來自哪里、問“你在做什么”、問價(jià)格、問能力（Can you...）、問出行方式、提出請(qǐng)求（如：May I have...？）、命令與禁止、問是誰、問是誰的、提建議（Let"s...）、問最喜歡的動(dòng)物是什么以及書上的有關(guān)對(duì)話等等
☆形容詞的比較級(jí)☆
當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí)，需要用到比較級(jí)。
比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：
什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than（比）+ 什么 ,如：
I’m taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。）
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。）
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的，它的變化規(guī)則是：
① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r ，如 fine - finer ,
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er，如big - bigger, thin - thinner ,
hot - hotter
除此之外，還有幾個(gè)特殊的單詞，它的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)都是不規(guī)則的，如：
many / much（原形）- more（比較級(jí)）- most（最高級(jí)）
little / few（原形） - less （比較級(jí)）- least（最高級(jí)）
good（原形） - better（比較級(jí)） - best（最高級(jí)）
bad （原形） - worse（比較級(jí)） - worst（最高級(jí)）
far （原形） - further- furthest
附加：形容詞的最高級(jí)變化類似于比較級(jí)，只是把詞尾的er改成est，如：
tall （原形）- taller （比較級(jí)）- tallest （最高級(jí)）
long（原形）- longer（比較級(jí)）- longest（最高級(jí)）
big （原形）- bigger（比較級(jí)）- biggest（最高級(jí)）
☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。
典型錯(cuò)誤：My hair is longer than you.（我的頭發(fā)比你更長。）
比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你（整個(gè)人），那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性。
應(yīng)該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
附：如果比較的兩者是一樣的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)用 as...as...這個(gè)詞組，它的用法是：
什么+be+as+形容詞原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一樣......。如：
I"m as tall as you.（我和你一樣高。）
My feet are as big as yours.（我的腳和你的一樣大。）
比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子
(1) How is the Yellow River?
(2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm.
(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.
(4) How is the white T-shirt? It"s 100 yuan.
(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.
(6) How is the fish? It’s 2kg.
二、根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞
(1) I"m 12 years old. You’re 14. I"m than you.
(2) A rabbit’s tail is than a monkey"s tail.
(3) An elephant is than a pig.
(4) A lake is than a sea.
(5) A basketball is than a football.
三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.
(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I’m than my brother.
(2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that one.
(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.
(4) 誰比你重? than you.
(5) 他比你更強(qiáng)壯. He is than you.
四、根據(jù)答句寫出問句
(1) I"m 160 cm.
(2) I’m 12 years old.
(3) My shoes are 80 yuan.
(4) Amy"s hair is 30 cm long.
(5) I have three English books.
☆時(shí)態(tài)☆
小學(xué)階段一共學(xué)了四種時(shí)態(tài)，分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)。下面我們一一進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在
如：He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse.
This is a dog. I have a story-book.
B、表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，如：often（經(jīng)常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有時(shí)） , always（總是，一直） , never（從不）
如：I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually play computer games on the weekend.
C、表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作
如：How are you? You look happy.
What’s the matter with you? I have a headache.
What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
☆注意☆ 英語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)與原形同形。但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，須在詞尾加-s 或 -es。例如：
I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital.
Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English.
加-es 的動(dòng)詞必須是以“sh , ch , o “等字母結(jié)尾的。
如：watches , teaches , goes , washes
2、 一般將來時(shí)
表示在將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。
☆注意☆ 一般將來時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
①be going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn) ②will + 動(dòng)詞的原形
例句： I"m going to go shopping this afternoon.
She is going to Hong Kong next week.
You will see many birds in the sky.
3、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
☆注意☆它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式（am , is , are）加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter.
What are they doing? They"re swimming.
Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.
Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆注意☆ 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing ,
如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的（此類動(dòng)詞極少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
4、一般過去時(shí)
主要用來表示在特定過去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。它與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如：
I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
☆注意☆一般過去時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過去式，動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed；
如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d；如lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed（此類動(dòng)詞較少）如study - studied carry - carried worry - worried
（play、stay除外）
④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母（此類動(dòng)詞較少）如stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞（此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記）小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：
sing - sang , eat - ate , see - saw , have - had , do - did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read , fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
☆注意☆句子的形式：
1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子，如：
I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
I"m going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.
I’m reading a book. They are swimming.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、 否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：
I"m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn"t) work in a hospital.
There are not four fans in our classroom.
I’m not going to buy a comic book tonight.
He will not (won"t) eat lunch at 12:00.
I’m not reading a book. They are not (aren"t) swimming.
I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。
有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫成“isn"t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如“don"t , doesn’t , didn"t ）。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中”does“只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而”did“只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用”did“ 。
3、一般疑問句：是指詢問事實(shí)的句子，此類句子必須用”yes“，或”no“來回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn"t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren"t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won"t).
Are you reading a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn"t.
☆注意☆ 小結(jié)：一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，
①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。
②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did）再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可。
這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇，其中”does“只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，而”did“只用于一般過去時(shí)，不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù)，都用”did“ 。一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致，即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞（助動(dòng)詞）和簡略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）開頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么，不能用”yes 、no“來回答。如：
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He"s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It"s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I"m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問，如： how many（多少(數(shù)量)）, how much（多少(錢)）, how tall（多高）, how long（多長）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）
例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結(jié)：how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，主要有以上三種句式搭配，
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have? 你有多少......？
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see? 你能看見多少......？
How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there...? 有多少......？
練習(xí)：
在橫線上填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1. What your mother do?
She is teacher.
2. does she work?
She in a school.
3. What"s hobby?
She likes shopping. Last weekend
she shopping with me.
4. Today is Monday.
Yesterday Sunday.
5. What you do yesterday?
I helped my mother housework.
6. you have a cold last week?
Yes, I did.
7. you feel better now?
Yes, thank you.
8. Mike: How you, Amy? You look so happy.
Amy: Yes. I excited. I am going on a big trip.
How you? You look happy too.
Mike: Yes. My father going buy me a new bike.
9. What you do yesterday?
It windy. I kites in the park.
10. What you do in summer?
I often swimming.
11. What does your father ?
He a nurse.
he work in a hospital?
Yes, he in a big hospital in our city.
12. Amy didn’t to school yesterday.
She had a headache.
13. does John go to school?
He usually to school by bike.
14. he go to school by bike this morning?
No, he didn"t. He to school on foot.
15. What did you for breakfast this morning?
I had bread and milk.
16. did you go on your holiday?
I went to Hong Kong.
17. did you do there?I went shopping.
一、補(bǔ)充句子。
1、I often TV in the evening.
But yesterday evening I computer games.
2、John often football on Sundays.
But last Sunday he his grandparents.
3、 you usually go to school by bike?
Yes, but yesterday I to school on foot.
4、 your father go to work by car?
Yes, he does. But yesterday he to work by bus.
5、What you do on the weekends?
I often hiking.
. you go hiking last weekend?
Yes, I went hiking with my parents last Sunday.
6、What Amy usually do in the evening?
She usually books.
. she read a book yesterday evening?
No, she didn’t. She her homework.
二、根據(jù)文答句寫出問句。
1、 ？
I did my homework yesterday.
2、 ？
We usually play basketball on the weekends.
3、 ？
No, I didn"t watch TV. I listened to music.
4、？
I have a headache.
5、？
John is 160cm tall.